Managing and Protecting the Mangrove Forestry in the...

`MANAGING AND PROTECTING THE MANGROVE FORESTRYIN THE PHILIPPINES` Saint John M.S. in Plant Science Prof.Choy `Subject Professor in Biol 210` March, 2009 MANAGING AND PROTECTING THE MANGROVE FORESTRY IN THE PHILIPPINES INTRODUCTION MANGROVE DEFORESTATION KNOWN CONSEQUENCES OF MANGROVE DEFORESTATION HISTORY OF MAJOR MANGROVE HABITAT USES AND CHANGES IN THE PHILIPPINES ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF MANGROVE HABITAT CHANGES A. Environmental Impacts B. Social Impacts VI.MANGROVE MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS VII.CONTRACT REFORESTATION PROJECT VIII.SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION IX.REFERENCES I.INTRODUCTION Filipinos, whose main daily diet†¦show more content†¦Their destruction will have an immediate effect on fishery productivity. Mangroves also protect seaweed beds and coral reefs against river-borne silts and serve as breeding ground of certain species of fish that thrive in brackish water. They also maintain salt marshes as filters of industrial and househol d wastes. Certain species of mangrove are sources of fibers, chemicals and medicine. Palawan mangroves, for example, are raw materials for Japan’s chemical industries. `Mangrove forests function both as an atmospheric CO2 sink and a source of ocean carbon. They are important in the effort to slow down global warming. (E. McLeod and R.V. Salm, Managing Mangroves for Resilience to Climate Change, IUCN, 2006) ` Effective and enforceable policies and education strategies have to be implemented right away to reverse the loss of mangrove forests. {draw:frame} `With the destruction of mangrove areas, sea grassand coral reef ecosystems have also deteriorated. About 70 % of the Philippines’ coral cover has been destroyed, with about 25% still in good condition and only about 5% in excellent condition. As a result, the productivity of coastal fisheriesmeasured in terms of fish catch also suffered a serious decline. It is estimated that there is a reduction of 670 kg in fish catc h for every hectare of mangrove forest that is clear-cut.(CRMP, 1998).` A. EnvironmentalShow MoreRelatedChallenges Of Biodiversity Conservation And Associated Ecosystem Functions3347 Words   |  14 Pagesthis essay I will highlight some of the key challenges affecting biodiversity conservation and propose recommendations in order to reduce these challenges. 2. Establishing Protected Areas In October 2010, the CBD reaffirmed the goal of protecting and effectively managing 10% of the marine environment by 2020 (CBD, 2010). As a result, nearly 6,000 MPAs have been established covering 1.17% of the ocean (Fox at al. 2011). Although these have increased over recent years, there are still concerns with their

Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder - 1036 Words

Effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder A study by Possemato, K., Pratt, A., Barrie, K., Ouimette, P (2015) that showed how PTSD affects returning veterans and the individuals in contact with them by using a method of a longitudinal study examining daily fluctuations in PTSD and alcohol use among OEF (Operation Enduring Freedom)/OIF (Operation Iraqi Freedom) combat veterans recruited from VA primary care Inclusion criteria consisted of combat during an OEF/OIF deployment, hazardous alcohol use and symptoms of combat-related PTSD, defined as functional impairment associated with at least one Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM–IV) reexperiencing symptom, plus three avoidance or two arousal symptoms measured by a clinical interview The sample (N 137) comprised both men (88%, n 120) and women (12%, n 17), with a mean age of 30 (SD 7.2). Most self-identified as White (81.8%, n 112) and reported having at least some college education (70%, n 96). About half of the particip ants were employed (53%, n 73), and the estimated average annual income was $41,642 (SD 26,507). More than half of participants indicated they were married or living with a significant other (59%, n 81). Half (n 69) of participants reported having at least one child. Social interaction PTSD Affects individuals negatively as shown in a study by Possemato, K., Pratt, A., Barrie, K., Ouimette, P (2015) that PTSD symptoms have significant implicationsShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1600 Words   |  7 PagesIn recent years there has been much dispute over the effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD, on the armed forces. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a medical condition that affects the physiology of the brain. It commonly affects those who have experienced or witnessed stressful events, such as war. PTSD was generally referred to as â€Å"shell-shock† in the military, until an improved and more inclusive definition of the disease was discovered. Wartime environments contain a multitude ofRead MoreThe Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1102 Words   |  5 Pagesone might look into. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder can be life changing for one, therefore there are people who look for ways in which to erase bad mem ories but don’t know the consequences from the decision. Most people who suffer from PTSD are usually Veterans and people who experienced hurtful or dangerous things in the past. In the article â€Å"Erasing bad memories† Stacy Lu, she says show a bad memory can affect people who have anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and phobias. She saidRead MoreThe Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder On A Family1183 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder on a Family The symptoms of Post-traumatic stress can vary from patient from patient. Most common symptoms are flashbacks, hyper arousal and avoidance. The first article is â€Å"Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Adolescent Survivors of Childhood Cancer and Their Families: A Randomized Clinical Trial.† In this article the researchers put together a random wait list control trial. They would have an intervention with the family of a cancer survivorRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder And Its Effect On Soldiers2563 Words   |  11 Pages Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and its Effect on Soldiers Luke D. Kern The Catholic University of America Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Soldiers Post traumatic stress disorder is a psychological disorder in which the survivors of a traumatic incident or experience. Examples of this could include but are not limited to death, rape, survivors of a terrorist attack, or soldiers at war. Survivors of these incidents have a series of various symptoms (Wangelin, Tuerk, 2014). TheseRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1539 Words   |  7 Pagesisn’t the cause in many men and women returning home from today’s wars. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder can result from a number of different traumatic events, but the intensity and duration of some people’s reactions can be quite different but that also has many factors. The negative effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is affecting families and the effects it has on families of patients. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder isn’t something new that has just appeared it’s something people have beenRead MorePost-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Causes Symptoms and Effects Essay1382 Words   |  6 Pagesor suffered from a Traumatic Brain Injury during Operation Iraqi Freedom or Operation Enduring Freedom. What this number does not include are the 39,365 cases of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (more commonly known as PTSD). (Department 2009) Although we usually think of war injuries as being physical, one of the most common war injuries is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and the effects can be devastating to a redeploying soldier who has come in contact with severely traumatic experiences. PTSDRead MoreThe Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1494 Words   |  6 PagesCauses and Effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) Post-Traumatic stress disorder has affected humans probably as long as we have had a higher consciousness, but it is only recently that researchers, medical professionals and psychotherapists have had much understanding into its nature and treatment. Although this disorder may be easy to describe, the effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder negatively affect a person’s mental health, physical health, work andRead MoreThe Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1302 Words   |  6 Pagesconducted by insert names here, pre-employment personality traits can easily predict posttraumatic stress symptoms among firefighters and military as the symptoms develop. Job duration and heightened level of emotional stress are also predicting traits among experienced firefighters. Police officers are considered a high-risk group where definite identifying predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder are present. Predictors that were included in the study were the following variables: intr usionsRead MoreThe Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesCauses and Effects of PTSD Post-traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD is a psychiatric disorder that occurs following a traumatic experience. PTSD happens to seven-point eight percent of Americans at some point in their lives. With women, twice as likely as men to develop. That equals out to be forty-four -point seven million people struggling with PTSD. Not only a soldier returning home from war experiences PTSD. Any person that has experienced a traumatic situation can have the potential of experiencingRead MoreThe Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder2424 Words   |  10 PagesPost-traumatic stress condition is a disorder that grows in a number of people who have had a visual experience or at a certain point of their lives they had lived through a scary, dangerous or a shocking event. Events that can lead to the posttraumatic disorders include warfare, terrifying road accidents, sexual assault, and any other event that may pause a threat on an individual’s life. Majority of individuals who had gone through traumatic events normally have low chances of development of posttraumatic

A person’s mind is a very simple venue for many interesting cognitive Free Essays

A person’s mind is a very simple venue for many interesting cognitive phenomena, unusual ways of thinking and mental mistakes, no matter how trivial or significant, which are usually unconsciously committed by a person even in the most mundane of mental tasks. This paper shall focus on number of interesting cognitive phenomena and mental lapses or mistakes which are chronologically presented based on what the writer perceives as the most important and common. FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR Fundamental attribution error is a very common human tendency when a person is placed in a social situation. We will write a custom essay sample on A person’s mind is a very simple venue for many interesting cognitive or any similar topic only for you Order Now It occurs when a person attributes someone’s behavior or reaction to a situation as having been caused by the person’s disposition or personality rather than by the situation at hand. According to Lee Ross, a professor of social psychology at Stanford University, a fundamental error forms the conceptual bedrock for the field of social psychology. He coined this term based on the classic experiment conducted by Jones and Harris. In the said experiment, subjects where placed in a situation where they were made to listen to pro- and anti- Castro speeches. They were initially made to believe that the persons who gave the speeches were freely given a choice as to what stand to make (i.e., pro- or anti-), the subjects naturally rated the persons who gave the pro- speeches as having a positive attitude towards Castro, and people who gave anti- speeches as having a negative attitude towards Castro. Before the experiment, Jones and Harris hypothesized that behaviors resulting from freely given choice shall be attributed by the subjects to disposition, while actions or behaviors resulting from chance to situation. However, this hypothesis was proven wrong when as part of the experiment, the subjects were told that the person’s choice of position (pro- or anti-Castro) was determined by a coin toss. It turned out that the subjects were still of opinion that persons who gave pro- speeches were still, on average, in favor of Castro than those who spoke against him. Therefore, the subjects were unable to see the speakers as merely persons who were tasked to perform by virtue of chance or circumstance. They could not refrain from attributing the speaker’s actions or behaviors to situation rather than to disposition (Fundamental Attribution Error, 2007). How to cite A person’s mind is a very simple venue for many interesting cognitive, Papers